What factor primarily affects the condition of fingerprints taken during an investigation?

The condition of fingerprints taken during an investigation is primarily affected by the surface from which the prints are taken. Different surfaces interact uniquely with the oil, sweat, and other residues that constitute a fingerprint. For instance, porous surfaces like paper can absorb moisture and oils, while non-porous surfaces such as glass or metal may retain clearer, more distinct prints. The texture and cleanliness of the surface also play a critical role; smoother surfaces generally yield more defined prints, while rough or contaminated surfaces can obscure the finer details of the fingerprint.

Considering other factors, while temperature can influence the longevity of latent prints, it does not alter the fundamental characteristics of how prints are formed on surfaces. The duration of print collection may affect the preservation of the marks but does not dictate their initial quality or clarity. Finally, the quality of the ink is relevant when considering inked prints but is not applicable to the majority of fingerprint collection methods, which typically rely on the natural patterns left by skin rather than inked impressions. Thus, the surface plays the most critical role in determining the condition and usability of the fingerprint evidence.