What is the process of separating parties in a dispute, listening to both sides, and proposing a solution called?

The process of separating parties in a dispute, listening to both sides, and proposing a solution is accurately described as mediation. Mediation involves a neutral third-party mediator who facilitates discussions between disputing parties. The mediator's role is to help them communicate effectively, express their concerns, and work together to reach a mutually agreeable solution. Unlike litigation, which involves formal court proceedings, mediation aims to provide a less adversarial and more collaborative approach to resolving conflicts.

In mediation, the focus is on finding common ground and facilitating resolution rather than determining who is right or wrong. The mediator does not impose a decision upon the parties but guides them toward understanding each other’s perspectives and interests.

This contrasts with other options like arbitration, where a neutral third party decides the outcome, and negotiation, which typically involves direct discussion between the parties without the involvement of a mediator. Litigation, on the other hand, is a formal legal process that usually occurs in court and can be costly and time-consuming.