Which type of radiation has the highest penetration ability?

Gamma radiation possesses the highest penetration ability among the types of radiation listed. This is largely due to its nature as electromagnetic waves, which can travel through various materials without easily losing energy. Unlike alpha particles, which are heavy and positively charged, and beta particles, which are lighter and negatively charged, gamma rays are not charged and do not have mass. As a result, gamma radiation can penetrate through solid objects, including human tissue, lead, and even concrete, to a significant extent.

Gamma radiation's high penetration ability is crucial in various fields, including medical imaging and cancer treatment, where gamma rays are employed to target and destroy malignant cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This capability makes it essential for professionals working with radioactive materials or radiation safety to manage and protect against gamma radiation effectively.